I figured some people may find this very interesting, and who knows, you might learn a thing or two in the process. It never hurts to know the meanings behind names, especially so when they help describe their purpose!

This serves as a list of all known Blastia formulae in the game canon.

Let's Sort-of Translate Vesperia!

Brave Vesperia
Hesperius is from Greek Mythology. He is a male personification of the 'Evening Star', which is actually the planet 'Venus' during the evening (because they believed it was two seperate planets at the time, not the same one). Venus ties into it again because it's referred to as the 'Sister Planet of Earth', Brave Vesperia is the Brother that rose into the sky.

Terca Lumireis
The latin name for Earth is 'Terra', Terca is likely a play on that word. Lumireis however, comes from 'Luminosity', the emission and measurement of light. This means following the first translations Terca Lumireis means "The Bright Earth". Fun Trivia: 'Terco' means 'Stubborn', which reflects the sentient nature of the planet.

Adephagos
Greek for 'Gluttonous' - ἀδηφάγος. The Adephagos is a mass of aer thats function is to cannibalize it's own planet.

Apatheia
Apa is Hungarian for 'Father' or more loosly as 'Parent'.
Theia is from Greek Mythology, it's meaning when alone is 'Goddess', but when combined with another word it can be 'Divine'. The rough translation for Apatheia is 'Divine Parent'.

Clear Ciel Crystal
Cyano Ciel Crystal
Ciel is French for 'Sky', meaning that these are the 'Crystals of the sky'. Which sort of makes sense when you take Terca Lumireis mythology into account.


-------

Blastia
魔導器 - 'Magic Conduction Vessel' makes the most accurate translation considering what it does, which is an article in itself. Most Blastia are written in Kanji with the Furigana beside it indicating it's actual name. The Kanji gives a brief definition of what the Blastia's function is.
"Cores produce magic through formulas. Bodies control that magic. The two combined are referred to as blastia. Each blastia possesses different attributes, and is marked by a crest that indicates those attributes. With current technology, blastia bodies can be maufactured, but the production of blastia cores is impossible."

Anima
Known Function: Enabled the sentry in Shaikos Ruins to move.
It's a long read.

Aque
Known Function: Purify and control the water that pumps through a fountain.
Derived from Aqua, latin for water.

Barrier
Known Function: Erect a barrier that prevents monsters from entering towns/villages etc.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/barrier
"Grand blastia refers to especially large types of blastia, including but not limited to barrier blastia."

Bodhi
Known Function: Equipped by people in order to enhance their natural abilities, mostly used for combat and seems to have some play into allowing people to learn the artes hidden inside weapons.
Part of Buddhism, it means 'enlightenment' or 'awakened'.

Ceres
Known Function: Provides a power source similar to an engine for boats.
Due to it's purpose in the game, it's likely referrencing the HMS Ceres instead of the Roman Goddess Ceres. They were three of the ships from the British Royal Navy.

Hermes
Known Function: Artifical type of Blastia.
In Greek Mythology, Hermes was the 'Messenger of the Gods'. The part that's worth noting is that Hermes was a patron of 'Boundaries and the Travellers who cross them'. Hermes (the character) crossed a strict 'boundary' that had been put in place following the end of the Gerios Civilization by creating his own blastia, which resulted in the start of the Great War.

Hoplon
Known Function: Shown to be a type of cannon, Tarqaron is an extreme example.
Hoplon is Greek, it means 'arms' as in 'weapons'. For example, the fear of weapons itself is known as 'Hoplophobia'.

Lux
Known Function: Emits a bright glow similar to a flashlight, it's a glowing orb (so it likely works in a way that Luminescence does as it's held by the person using it).
Latin for 'Light'. Most common phrase is 'Fiat Lux' or 'let there be light'.

Rizomata
Known Function: Allows access to aer in it's raw state known as mana. It's the formula used to create Blastia in the first place.
Rizomata comes from the ancient Greek word 'rhízōma', which means 'the mass of roots'. This is a referrence to aer being the 'root' of all life. Rhizomata is a type of plant known for it's roots, as they're said to have medicinal properties.


Blastia only mentioned by name:

Kines
Kine is a prefix that indicates 'motion'. It could very well be a Blastia that assists in the movement of an object.

Shielt
Shielt isn't an actual word in any language. It's probably meant to be a play on the world "Shield".

Thermos
Read up on 'Vacuum Flasks', it's likely that a Thermos Blastia is one that generates or stores heat. It could also work on the function of 'thermal radiation' since it's not shown.


-------

Crests
Some of these make sense in context, the other just seem to be "As long as it sounds foreign". They're reffered to as being "crests" in the game:
"Thats a strihm crest. It's a mark that indicates movement."

Fleck
Function: Raises physical attack
Meaning as in to leave a 'mark'. "The wound flecks with red blood".

Rockra
Function: Raises physical defense
Comes from the phrase 'Hard as a rock'.

Strihm
Function: Increases mobility
Play on the word 'stream'.

Laytos
Function: Recover HP
Derived from Leighton, meaning "settlement".

Goldos
Function: Raise Gald Acquired
Goldos = Gold, obviously.

Sandor
Function: Raises magical attack
Sandor is a Greek name meaning 'Man's Defender'.

Ailus
Function: Raises magical defense
Comes from Aelius, supposidly it's derived from Helios who was the God of the Sun.

Twory
Function: Increases EXP gained
Twory is actually Polish, it means "Creation"

Nhosing
Non-existant word. Ironically, the formula has absolutely no purpose in the game either. It's a 'safety data', since it requires all the skills to be active it basically stops errors occurring. Have you figured out what they did yet? Nhosing is nothing, literally (as in it was nothing in katakana but they translated it this way).

Kaon
Function: Recover TP
Kaon is a part of particle physics, which is something I know nothing about so let's leave it there. Aer exists as particles etc.

Chrocs
Function: Increases overlimit duration
Could come from 'Chrocus', who was a man that lead an uprising against the Roman Empire. Which makes a bit of sense in context since it raises your overlimit time.